He pango, he parauri rānei te nuinga o te para parahi, he kanapa te mata, he rite te hanganga o roto ki te karaihe, he matotoru, he mārō, he pakarukaru te hanganga, ā, he uaua ake te hanganga matū. Mai i te nui o te parahi o ētahi kei roto i te awhe parahi rawakore (Cu <1%), ko ētahi kei roto i te awhe parahi waenga (Cu1 ~ 2%), ko ētahi kei roto i te awhe parahi-nui (Cu> 2%), he nui ake te ihirangi FeSi02, CaO, AL203, neke atu i te 60% o te para, ko te nuinga o te hanganga kohuke o te peridotite rino, ā, whai muri ko te magnetite, he iti noa ngā uaua i hangaia mai i te tinana karaihe.
Kua whakawhanakehia e Xiye, ā, kua tino mōhiotia hoki te hangarau mō te maimoatanga para parahi mā te tikanga hiko-wera, e tiaki ana i te taiao, e hangarua ana i ngā para totoka, e huri ana hoki i ngā para hei taonga.
Ka whakamahia e te hangarau tukanga te oumu hiko motuhake i whakawhanakehia motuhaketia e Xiye, ā, ka whakamahia hoki te tukanga utu motuhake, kia angitu ai te whakatinanatanga o te hangarau o te rongoā i te para parahi mā te oumu hiko tuatahi i Haina.
