I ngā tau tata nei, kei te piki haere tonu te kukū o ngā umanga whakarewa o te ao mā roto i ngā hanumitanga me ngā hoko. I te taenga mai o te tau 2023, kua heke ngā painga o te umanga whakarewa, nā te pikinga o te utu o ētahi rauemi mata me te hekenga nui o ngā utu maitai, ā, kua heke ngā painga o ngā umanga. E ai ki ia āhuatanga, kua noho te oranga hei kaupapa matua o tēnei tau, ko te whakaiti i ia kaupapa, te arotahi iti ki te arotau me te whakapai ake i ngā tukanga, te whanaketanga waro-iti matomato me te hanga atamai. Pērā i te panonitanga "tino iti te tukunga" me te "tino pai o te pūngao", me te whakateretere i te auahatanga hangarau waro-iti me te panonitanga matihiko i roto i te rāngai ahumahi.
● Te whakarewa maitai
1. Ngā huringa whakarewa waro ki te whakarewa hauwai
Ko te aronga whakarewa rino me te maitai mō te mahi whakarewa hauwai, engari he iti noa te pūtake o nāianei o te hauwai matomato, me tēnei raruraru, i roto i te wā poto, ko te whakarewa oumu pupuhi e whakamahi ana i te hau oumu coke hei utu mō te coke hei kaiwhakaiti, pērā i te oumu rakau hauwai rino me te maitai XIYE, me te mana karihi tauhohenga hau whakamatao pāmahana teitei. Ko te whakaputa hauwai mai i te hau oumu coke i roto i ngā mahi maitai.
2. Te whakarewa poto
Nā te pēhanga o te tiaki taiao, ka piki ake te ōwehenga mā te whakarewa poto-poto. Ngā hangarau hanga rino whakaiti whakarewa pērā i te oumu hiko.
3. Te mahi tahi i whakamāmāhia
Mō te wā roa, ko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga matua o te hau maitai ko te whakamahana i te ahi. Ahakoa e whakamahia ana e ēnei te kaha wera o te hau, kāore anō kia tino whakaatahia tōna uara. He rerekē ngā ōwehenga o ngā wāhanga H2 me te CO kei roto i te hau, ā, he pai ngā painga ōhanga o te whakamahinga o te hau hei whakaputa LNG, etanoru, etilena glycol, me ētahi atu. Ki te whakaritea ki te umanga matū waro hei whakaputa CO me te H2, kātahi ka whakaputa LNG, etanoru, etilena glycol, he nui ake te painga utu.
I te mea kua piki ake te hiahia mō te whakaiti waro, kua puta mai ngā rongo pai i ngā kaupapa pēnei i te tango me te whakapakeketanga o te CO2. I roto i ngā umanga whakarewa, pēnei i te hau mura o te oumu raima me te hau mura o ngā kōhua he nui te ihirangi CO2. Ka taea te whakamahi i te CO2 ki te whakarewa maitai, te pehi puehu, te kawe mekameka makariri, te umanga kai, me ētahi atu, he nui te hiahia o te mākete, ā, he painga utu kei te umanga whakarewa. Ka taea e ngā kaupapa photovoltaic te kawe mai i ētahi tohu waro ki ngā umanga, ā, he maha ngā mira maitai e hanga ana i ngā kaupapa photovoltaic, engari ko te rerekētanga o ngā utu hiko ka taea te kawe mai i ngā painga ki ngā umanga he tohu nui anō hoki mō te taea o te kaupapa.
4. Te mātauranga whakarewa
Ka tere ake te tere o te aunoatanga me te hangarau mōhiohio i roto i te umanga maitai i te mākete whakarewa, ā, ka tere ake te tukanga mamati me te matauranga. Ka nui haere tonu te pokapū whakahaere pokapū, te whare putunga rauemi kore tangata, te ine pāmahana karetao, te tirotiro, me te tauira.
I te tukunga me te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa here waro-rua ā-motu, kua piki haere te hiahia o ngā umanga hiko o raro i te umanga maitai mō ngā raraunga aromatawai huringa ora katoa o ngā hua kua hokona, ā, kua noho ko te aromatawai huringa ora o ngā hua maitai me te aromatawai tapuwae waro i runga i taua mea hei mahi nui mā tete whanaketanga matomato me te iti-waro o te umanga rino me te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko o raro. He mea nui te aromatawai i te huringa ora o te hua hei urutau ki te whanaketanga matomato, iti-waro me te kounga teitei o te motu, hei whakatairanga i te penapena pūngao me te whakaiti waro o ngā umanga rino me te rino, me te whakapai ake i te awe o te waitohu.
● Te hangarau penapena pūngao rino me te tiaki taiao
1. Te hangarua nui me te whakamahinga o te pūngao tuarua
Kua piki ake te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pūngao o te umanga whakarewa i ia tau, i tētahi taha, kua whakapai ake i ngā taputapu hou, ā, kua whakaitihia te whakamahinga pūngao. I tētahi atu taha, ko te whakaoranga whakamutunga o te pūngao tuarua, ko te wera kotahi o te whakaoranga reka teitei me te reo kei te piki haere tonu, ā, kei te whakahokia mai hoki te wera iti tetahi i muri i tetahi, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i te wera i roto i ngā taahiraa. Ka whakamahia te pūngao uara-kaha teitei mō te whakaputa hiko, te hanga matū rānei, ā, ka whakamahia te pūngao uara-kaha iti mō te whakamahana i ngā tāngata o te tāone huri noa, te ahuwhenua ika me ētahi atu. Ko te whakakotahitanga o te hanga maitai me te oranga o te tangata ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga ōhanga o ngā umanga anake, engari ka whakakapia hoki ngā kohua iti me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga me te waro.
1. 1 Pūnaha oumu hiko
Mā te pūnaha whakamatao mimiti katoa, kaua ki te wāhanga taketake o te paipa whakamatao wai, ka tino whakapai ake i te whakaora mamaoa o ngā tana maitai. E ai ki te mahi a te kaupapa, ko te nui ake o te tana maitai ka taea te whakaora mamaoa ki te 300kg/t o te maitai, he nui ake i te 3 ngā wā i te whakaora taketake.
1.2 Kaitahuri
Ko te tikanga maroke te tikanga matua o te tukanga purenga hau para o te kaitahuri. I raro i te tukanga maroke o nāianei, kāore e whakahokia mai te wera toenga mai i te rerekētanga pāmahana o te 1000℃-300℃. I nāianei, he iti noa ngā huinga taputapu whakamātautau e whakamahia ana mō te wā poto.
1.3 Ouma pupuhi
Ka taea te whakatutuki i te whakaoranga katoa o te hau oumu pupuhi mā te whakaoranga o te hau whakataurite pēhanga me te hau pupuhi. I tēnei wā, kāore te nuinga o ngā oumu pupuhi e whakaaro ana ki te whakaoranga, ki te whakaoranga-haurua rānei.
1.4 Te whakatōtō
Whakamahia anō te wera para mai i te wāhanga pāmahana teitei o te pouaka whakamatao mowhiti hei whakaputa hiko; Ka taea te whakaputa wai wera mō te tukatuka, te whakamahana rānei i muri i te whakahokinga mai o te wera para i te wāhanga pāmahana waenga me te wāhanga pāmahana iti o te pouaka whakamatao mowhiti; Ko te tohanga o te hau paru sintering e anga atu ana ki te tohanga o roto, me whakanui ake i te tohanga pēhanga teitei o te pā hau, te pā hau hou me ngā taputapu hiko tautoko.
Haunga te wera para nui o te haurehu, te whakamatao mowhiti, me te whakaputa hiko, ka whakamahia hoki te mamaoa me te hangarau hiko takirua hei peia i te hau tango matua, hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga mamaoa, hei whakaiti i te hononga tahuritanga, hei whakapai ake i ngā painga ōhanga.
1.5 Te tunu kai
Haunga te Coke tinei maroke tuku iho, kua whakamahia te haukini tohanga Coke, te whakamatao tuatahi, te wera para, te wera para o te paipa piki, me te wera para hau paru.
1.6 Te Hurihuri Rino
Te whakamahinga o te wera para mai i te hau para o te oumu whakamahana rino hurihuri me te oumu maimoatanga wera. He pūtake wera kounga iti te wera, ā, ko ngā whakaritenga pāmahana whakakorenga whanariki mutunga te tikanga e whakamahia ana mō te hanga wai wera.
2. Kei roto i ngā ngākau o te tangata te ariā o te tiaki taiao me te iti rawa o te tukunga
2. 1 Ko te mahi taiao o ia mira maitai he A
Hei whakaiti i te pēhanga ki te tiaki taiao, hei whakarite hoki i te mahi whakaputa noa, he maha ngā mira maitai o te raki kua oti te wero i te A, ahakoa ko ngā umanga maitai o te raki kāore anō kia oti te wero i te A, he nui ngā umanga maitai o te tonga, kei te mahi anō hoki i tēnei huarahi. Ko ngā mahi matua ko ngā whare tango puehu, ngā whare tango hau me te whakakore i te hauota, te whakauru rauemi ki roto i te whare putunga, te whakaiti i te taunga, te kati i ngā wāhi whakaputa puehu, te pehi puehu me ētahi atu.
2.2 Ahumahi waro, konumohe hikohiko
He nui ake ngā nama tiaki taiao o te umanga waro me te konumohe hiko, ā, kei roto i te mahi taiao o A te konumohe, te konumohe maunga me ētahi atu umanga.
2.3 Te tukatuka i ngā para e toru
Ko ngā whakaritenga tiaki taiao, kāore ngā para totoka e puta i te wheketere, kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa tukunga para wai. I tētahi taha, kua whakamarokehia, kua kōpeketia hoki ngā kai e ngā umanga rino me te maitai, ā, kua tutuki te tukunga me te tukunga para whakamutunga. Me whai tukanga me ngā hangarau hou te mākete mō te tukatuka i te hau para, ngā para totoka kei roto te waro, te rino, ngā para morearea, te parahanga oneone me te para wai phenol cyanide, te wai tote kukū me te para wai hurihuri matao.
2.4 Te purenga hau
I te whakapainga o ngā whakaritenga tiaki taiao, ka taea te kohikohi i te hau hangarua i te wā kotahi, ā, ka tukuna hoki he whakaritenga hou mō te kounga o te hau. Ko te tukanga purenga tuku iho o te hau oumu kōka me te hau oumu pupuhi e whai whakaaro ana ki te tango i te puehu me te whanariki kore-waro, ā, i nāianei me tango te whanariki waro. Me whai tukanga hou te mākete me ngā taputapu hou mō tēnei tono.
2.5 Hangarau tahunga whai rawa i te hāora, tahunga hāora parakore
Hei whakapai ake i te tere whakamahinga o te hāora me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga hau, ka whakamahia te tahunga whai hāora, te hāora parakore rānei i roto i te oumu whakamahana, te oumu me te poiha.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-13-2023